李克勤|捍卫毛主席，英勇斗栾平：悼念童祥苓的人为何如此之多？他为何受到如此敬重？

　　李克勤(jixuie)题记：京剧表演艺术家童祥苓同志2024年12月2日因病在上海逝世。恐怕很多人注意到，这两天悼念童祥苓的文章，可以说在微信里成了热点。我想这主要因为他是样板戏《智取威虎山》里英雄杨子荣的扮演者的缘故，他演的杨子荣可以说在中国曾经是家喻户晓，人人皆知，他的很多唱段至今依然是人们耳熟能详的。从艺术上讲，他达到了京剧艺术如火纯青的境界。从思想性讲，那就不得不说近些年人民对他的深层次地了解，他不仅是一位塑造英雄形象的艺术家，而且是一位坚定的革命文艺战士——在关键时刻敢于站出来捍卫毛主席，英勇斗栾平。

　　央视网12月3日再次上传了京剧《智取威虎山》，这是第第四场《定计》里，杨子荣审问栾平，迫使其交代“联络图”

　　在京剧《智取威虎山》重新排演过程中，有人把剧中“毛主席”三字从唱词中删掉了。童祥苓同志看到后在微博上公开表示“心里感到很难受!”

　　这个表达意味着什么?

　　有人恶意攻击童祥苓同志说“文革中你们姐弟还没有被整够?”老艺术家立即反驳说：“是毛主席整我们姐弟吗?谁整我们难道我们心里没数吗?毛主席是尊重爱护广大文艺工作者的!”

　　真可谓义正词严真英雄!

　　这和他斥责反动派栾平，是不是一样的旗帜鲜明，理直气壮?

　　狐狸再狡猾，也斗不过好猎手哇——这是杨子荣的领导少剑波的一个说法。

　　毛主席逝世后，有不少人干了极其令人不齿的勾当，他们本质上跟栾平属于一丘之貉。但是，这些狡猾的狐狸，还是逃不过捍卫毛主席的好猎手，童祥苓同志就是这样的好猎手。

　　我由衷地喜欢《智取威虎山》里杨子荣打虎上山的那场戏，现在我知道了那音画时尚一样优美的旋律，如此令人着迷的景象是于会泳设计的，而童祥苓深悟其道，他的唱段那真是登峰造极的。

　　早在2004年，我就把这一段拿到课堂上结合管理课程，与同学们一起分享、讨论过的。

　　我多次和学生朋友谈样板戏的创作，那是一种新的团队协作典范，是我们经营现代企业值得借鉴，值得学习的一套想法说法做法，经过像吴仁宝、王宏斌，以及任正非、胡伟武的实践证明，那是想得通说得通行得通的。

　　01

　　八个样板戏的历史地位：根基更加牢靠

　　《中国戏剧史》有这样的记载：“八个“样板戏”的内容都有强烈的传奇色彩，《智取威虎山》就是其中最具代表性的一部。它是“样板戏”中最早出现并且定型的作品，改编自小说《林海雪原》，以东北地区的剿匪战争为题材，故事发生的主要场景是一支黑帮在深山老林里的据点，主人公杨子荣冒充土匪打入匪巢卧底，战争和间谍、惊险加悬疑，构成这出作品强烈的戏剧性，因此各地陆续出现多个自行改编的舞台剧版本。最后，上海京剧团改编的《智取威虎山》赢得了最高的评价，并且被当成范本，一经推广，全国各地的剧团均按此方式演出。”

　　八个样板戏是毛主席革命路线指引下，广大的革命文艺战士集体创作的。这个“集体创作”是当时剧本上写的。后来根据历史资料，我们发现有一个人在其中起到了非凡作用，这个人就是江青。江青在京剧艺术上是行家，对于现代芭蕾舞艺术她也是有非凡造诣的，至于电影艺术那就更不用说专业水平了。

　　八个样板戏原本是舞台上演出的戏剧，包括京剧、芭蕾舞剧和“交响套曲”，从1970年开始八个样板戏陆续拍成电影，这样舞台艺术与电影艺术的结合，形成新的样板戏电影艺术。事实证明，样板戏电影艺术，促进了戏剧舞台艺术的提升，同时也促进了电影艺术本身的创新发展。这一举措完全可以说这是在样板戏舞台剧创作之后，面向工农兵的大众文艺的新飞跃。我们是不是应该对所有参加制作的艺术工作者抱有一种敬感佩呢?同时对于从事组织工作的领导者也应该给予起码的尊重或者敬意呢?

　　八个样板戏作为一个整体，那是可以在全人类的文艺事业里来评价的。一般评价艺术作品，从两个方面着手，一个是思想性，一个是艺术性。缺乏思想的艺术作品，恐怕只能算作娱乐品;一部作品缺乏艺术性，思想再深刻也谈不上艺术作品，那只能是理论著作或者理论说教。八个样板戏无疑从思想到艺术，都创造了古今中外独一无二的奇迹，对这一奇迹的研究当然是需要从不同角度来加以解读的。这里把这一奇迹定位成文化奇迹，也就是这一奇迹是一种文化氛围带来的奇迹，同时在这一奇迹创造过程中，这一文化又得到了丰富和发展。当然这一奇迹的创造主要指作品的创作——怎样由道而器，从思想的诠释、传播，转换到艺术的表现与创作，进而使得艺术作品让观众想得通说得通，达成作品行得通的道器变通，这恐怕本身是一个浩大的工程，此工程的组织管理，既是科学的，更是艺术的。马克思将《资本论》当做“一个艺术的整体”，那么八个样板戏无疑也是可以当做一个艺术的整体来看待的，只不过《资本论》是主要马克思一个人的作品，而八个样板戏则是集体创作的，因此要解释这个集体的创作，不能脱离这个集体共同遵循的道器变通之根之基，以及集体道器变通之变是如何想得通说得通行得通的，这些只能用文化来概括，即唯有在毛泽东文化这一氛围里，才能解释八个样板戏思想与艺术奇迹的产生过程。

　　我们都是历史唯物主义者，社会存在决定社会意识。社会存在，指的是就是历史真实的存在。

　　不尊重历史真实的存在，就必然走向搞历史虚无主义那一套。

　　针对历史，会有两种态度，一种就是搞历史虚无主义那一套的唯心史观，那是搞社会意识决定社会存在，终究是逃脱不了好猎手——广大人民群众雪亮的眼睛的。

　　我们要坚持的是另一种不同于唯心史观的唯物史观。

　　毛主席为何坚持把这个作为“吾党哲学的根据”?

　　这是极其深刻的，其中只有悟道，方能想得通说得通行得通——道器变通。

　　童祥苓同志达到了那样的境界的，所以，他敢于坚持真理，实事求是对待历史，所以他心安理得。

　    02

　　童祥苓不愧为毛主席培养的革命文艺战士

　　童祥苓捍卫毛主席所表现出来的精神，使人想起1980年的黄克诚大将。

　　黄克诚大将、童祥苓同志，他们捍卫毛主席的精神，是一样的，因为他们深深懂得毛主席对于中国，对于自己意味着什么?

　　面对污蔑毛主席的人和事不做坚决斗争，那意味着什么?

　　如果听任淡化毛主席的思潮泛滥，那会导致什么结果?

　　苏联解体的血的教训就摆在我们面前。

　　说到这个程度，再来看悼念童祥苓同志的人中间，绝大多数都是热爱毛主席的普通人，这中间写文章以及在文章后面留言，表示坚定捍卫毛主席的人有多少呢?

　　这就是说，毛主席思想的力量依然存在，毛泽东文化的威力永远不会消失。

　　毛主席在《论联合政府》里的名言：

　　【这个军队之所以有力量，是因为所有参加这个军队的人，都具有自觉的纪律;他们不是为着少数人的或狭隘集团的私利，而是为着广大人民群众的利益，为着全民族的利益，而结合，而战斗的。紧紧地和中国人民站在一起，全心全意地为中国人民服务，就是这个军队的唯一的宗旨。

　　在这个宗旨下面，这个军队具有一往无前的精神，它要压倒一切敌人，而决不被敌人所屈服。不论在任何艰难困苦的场合，只要还有一个人，这个人就要继续战斗下去。

　　这就是真正的人民战争。只有这种人民战争，才能战胜民族敌人。国民党之所以失败，就是因为它拚命地反对人民战争。

　　中国解放区的军队一旦得到新式武器的装备，它就会更加强大，就能够最后地打败日本侵略者了。

　　This army is powerful because all its members have a discipline based on political consciousness; they have come together and they fight not for the private interests of a few individuals or a narrow clique, but for the interests of the broad masses and of the whole nation. The sole purpose of this army is to stand firmly with the Chinese people and to serve them whole-heartedly.

　　Guided by this purpose, this army has an indomitable spirit and is determined to vanquish all enemies and never to yield. No matter what the difficulties and hardships, so long as a single man remains, he will fight on.

　　Guided by this purpose, this army has achieved remarkable unity in its own ranks and with those outside its ranks. Internally, there is unity between officers and men, between the higher and lower ranks, and between military work, political work and rear service work, and externally, there is unity between the army and the people, between the army and government organizations, and between our army and the friendly armies. It is imperative to overcome anything that impairs this unity.

　　Guided by this purpose, this army has a correct policy for winning over enemy officers and men and for dealing with prisoners of war. Without exception all members of the enemy forces who surrender, who come over to our side or who, after laying down their arms, wish to join in fighting the common foe, are welcomed and given proper education. It is forbidden to kill, maltreat or insult any prisoner of war.

　　Guided by this purpose, this army has built up a system of strategy and tactics which is essential for the people's war. It is skilled in flexible guerrilla warfare conducted in accordance with the changing concrete conditions and is also skilled in mobile warfare.

　　Guided by this purpose, this army has built up a system of political work which is essential for the people's war and is aimed at promoting unity in its own ranks, unity with the friendly armies and unity with the people, and at disintegrating the enemy forces and ensuring victory in battle.

　　Guided by this purpose, the entire army, operating under conditions of guerrilla warfare, is able to utilize, and has in fact utilized, the intervals between battles and between training periods to produce grain and other necessities, thus becoming wholly, half or at least partly self-supporting, so that economic difficulties are overcome, living conditions improved and the burden on the people lightened. Every possibility has been exploited to establish a number of small-scale armament works in various military base areas.

　　Furthermore, this army is powerful because it has the people's self-defence corps and the militia--the vast armed organizations of the masses--fighting in co-ordination with it. In the Liberated Areas of China all men and women, from youth to middle age, are organized in the people's anti-Japanese self-defence corps on a voluntary and democratic basis and without giving up their work in production. The cream of the self-defence corps, except for those who join the army or the guerrilla units, is brought into the militia. Without the cooperation of these armed forces of the masses it would be impossible to defeat the enemy.

　　Finally, this army is powerful because of its division into two parts, the main forces and the regional forces, with the former available for operations in any region whenever necessary and the latter concentrating on defending their own localities and attacking the enemy there in co-operation with the local militia and the self-defence corps. This division of labour has won the whole-hearted support of the people. Without this correct division of labour--if, for example, attention were paid only to the role of the main forces while that of the regional forces were neglected--it would likewise be impossible to defeat the enemy in the conditions obtaining in China's Liberated Areas. Under the regional forces, numerous armed working teams have been organized, which are well trained and hence better qualified for military, political and mass work; they penetrate into the rearmost areas behind the enemy lines, strike at the enemy and arouse the masses to anti-Japanese struggle, thus giving support to the frontal military operations of the various Liberated Areas. In all this they have achieved great success.

　　Under the leadership of their democratic governments, all the anti-Japanese people in the Liberated Areas of China are called upon to join organizations of workers, peasants, youth and women, and cultural, professional and other organizations, which will wholeheartedly perform various tasks in support of the armed forces. Those tasks are not limited to rallying the people to join the army, transporting grain for it, caring for soldiers' families and helping the troops in meeting their material needs. They also include mobilizing the guerrilla units, militia and self-defence corps to make widespread raids and lay land mines against the enemy, gather intelligence about him, comb out traitors and spies, transport and protect the wounded and take direct part in the army's operations. At the same time, the people in all the Liberated Areas are enthusiastically taking up various kinds of political, economic, cultural and health work. The most important thing in this connection is to mobilize everybody for the production of grain and other necessities and to ensure that all government institutions and schools, except in special cases, devote their free time to production for their own support in order to supplement the self-suffidency production campaigns of the army and the people and thus help to create a great upsurge of production to sustain the protracted War of Resistance. In China's Liberated Areas, the enemy has wrought great havoc, and floods, droughts and damage by insect pests have been frequent. However, the democratic governments there have been leading the people in overcoming these difficulties in an organized way, and unprecedented results have been achieved by the great mass campaigns for pest extermination, flood control and disaster relief, thus making it possible to persevere in the protracted War of Resistance. In a word, everything for the front, everything for the defeat of the Japanese aggressors and for the liberation of the Chinese people--this is the general slogan, the general policy for the whole army and the whole people in the Liberated Areas of China.

　　Such is a real people's war. Only by waging such a people's war can we defeat the national enemy. The Kuomintang has failed precisely because of its desperate opposition to a people's war.

　　Once it is equipped with modern weapons, the army of China's Liberated Areas will become still more powerful and will be able to accomplish the final defeat of the Japanese aggressors. 】